The Tsar's Business. Essays on Russian Military and Diplomatic History during the Time of Ivan the Terrible. Second half of the 1540s – early 1560s. – Pensky Vitaly – Centerpoligraph – 2026 – ISBN 978-5-227-11347-4
The Tsar's Business. Essays on Russian Military and Diplomatic History during the Time of Ivan the Terrible. Second half of the 1540s – early 1560s.
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The successful raids of Prince S. I. Mikulinsky's naval army on Kazan in 1545 marked the beginning of a new era in Russian military and diplomatic history during the reign of Ivan IV. The gradual stabilization of the domestic political situation allowed for a revitalization of the Russian state's foreign policy. This primarily affected its eastern direction, which for a long time dominated Russian foreign policy in both its aspects—military and diplomatic—and exerted a decisive influence on domestic policy as well. The struggle for Kazan and Astrakhan, the complex and contradictory relations with the "self-willed" Nogai Horde, and the attempted implementation of the Crimean "project," which envisioned the eventual establishment of a "soft" Russian protectorate over Crimea along the lines of Kazan—these were the issues that primarily occupied the minds of the Moscow boyars and the young Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich for fifteen years. Moscow's successes in the east inevitably aroused growing concern among the ruling elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which dreamed of revenge for the defeats suffered by Lithuania under Ivan Vasilyevich's grandfather and father, and among the Livonian landsherrs, for whom the "Russian threat," the Rusche gefahr, had become the meaning of life. The attempt by the Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II, to "incorporate" Livonia into his domains clashed with Ivan IV's reciprocal desire to force the Livonian landsherrs to fulfill their previously signed obligations and led to the first war for the division of the "Livonian inheritance"—the Livonian War of 1558–1561—a war that no one wanted, yet was inevitable.
All these events are recounted in a new book by Doctor of Historical Sciences V.V. Pensky.
All these events are recounted in a new book by Doctor of Historical Sciences V.V. Pensky.
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